摘要： 2024年5月18日，欧洲理事会（Council of Europe）在斯特拉斯堡正式通过了具有历史意义的《人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》（Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law，以下简称“公约”/“本公约”），这标志着全球首个关于负责任地使用人工智能的具有法律约束力的国际条约正式诞生。 在过去两年中，所有成员国、欧洲联盟以及11个非成员国都为公约的起草做出了贡献，其最终版本由各成员国外交部长批准，意味着所有46个欧洲理事会成员国将受到约束。本公约的核心在于采用基于风险的方法来设计、开发、使用和退出人工智能系统，确保在任何潜在负面影响发生之前进行仔细的考量和评估，并涵盖了人工智能系统在公共和私营部门的使用。 欧洲委员会秘书长玛丽亚-佩奇诺维奇（Marija Pejčinović）表示：“《人工智能框架公约》……是对各大洲具有相同价值观的国家所支持的国际法律标准需求的回应，以利用人工智能的益处，同时降低风险。” 公约特别强调了透明度和监督的重要性，要求缔约方必须采取措施识别、评估、预防和减轻可能存在的风险，并评估是否需要暂停、禁止或采取其他适当措施，处理人工智能系统的使用可能不符合人权标准的风险。 此外还规定了每个缔约国都必须建立一个独立的监督机制，以监督公约的遵守情况。值得注意的是，该公约有一个例外——它不适用于国防事务，也不适用于研发活动，只要这些活动的开展符合人权。 《人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》的通过，为全球人工智能的健康发展提供了更为具象的参考，无论其质效如何，都是一个人工智能治理的里程碑，亦将对全球人工智能立法产生深远影响。   附《人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》中英对译版，译者朱悦。 朱悦： 同济大学法学院助理教授 上海市人工智能社会治理协同创新中心研究员 作为主要成员参与我国《人工智能示范法（专家建议稿）》及其释义起草； 即将出版《欧盟<人工智能法>研究——以立法过程为视角》； 另出版、发表相关多本（篇）专著、论文、译文和评论。

 

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Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law
(Strasbourg, 17 May 2024)

人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约
[斯特拉斯堡，2024年5月17日]

Preamble
序言

The member States of the Council of Europe and the other signatories hereto,

欧洲理事会成员国及其他缔约方，

Considering that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve greater unity between its members, based in particular on the respect for human rights, democracy and the rule of law;

1.考虑到欧洲理事会的宗旨是在尊重人权、民主和法治的基础上加强其成员之间的团结；

Recognising the value of fostering co-operation between the Parties to this Convention and of extending such co-operation to other States that share the same values;

2.认识到促进本公约缔约方之间的合作，并将这种合作扩大到具有相同价值观的其他国家的价值；

Conscious of the accelerating developments in science and technology and the profound changes brought about through activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems, which have the potential to promote human prosperity as well as individual and societal well- being, sustainable development, gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls, as well as other important goals and interests, by enhancing progress and innovation;

3.意识到科学技术的加速发展，以及人工智能系统生命周期内的活动所带来的深刻变化，这些活动有可能通过加强进步和创新，从而促进人类繁荣以及个人和社会的福祉、可持续发展、性别平等、增强所有妇女和儿童的权能、以及其他重要的目标和利益；

Recognising that activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems may offer unprecedented opportunities to protect and promote human rights, democracy and the rule of law;

4.认识到人工智能系统生命周期内的活动可能为保护和促进人权、民主和法治提供前所未有的机会；

Concerned that certain activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems may undermine human dignity and individual autonomy, human rights, democracy and the rule of law;

5.担心人工智能系统生命周期内的特定活动可能会损害人的尊严和个人自主、人权、民主和法治；

Concerned about the risks of discrimination in digital contexts, particularly those involving artificial intelligence systems, and their potential effect of creating or aggravating inequalities, including those experienced by women and individuals in vulnerable situations, regarding the enjoyment of their human rights and their full, equal and effective participation in economic, social, cultural and political affairs;

6.关切数字环境中的歧视风险，特别是涉及人工智能系统的歧视风险，及其可能造成或加剧不平等的影响，包括妇女和处于弱势地位的个人在享有人权以及充分、平等和有效地参与经济、社会、文化和政治事务方面所经历的不平等；

Concerned by the misuse of artificial intelligence systems and opposing the use of such systems for repressive purposes in violation of international human rights law, including through arbitrary or unlawful surveillance and censorship practices that erode privacy and individual autonomy;

7.关切人工智能系统的违反国际人权法的滥用，反对将此类系统用于违反国际人权法的压制性目的，包括通过侵蚀隐私和个人自主的任意或非法的监视和审查实践，；

Conscious of the fact that human rights, democracy and the rule of law are inherently interwoven;

8.意识到人权、民主和法治在本质上是相互交织的；

Convinced of the need to establish, as a matter of priority, a globally applicable legal framework setting out common general principles and rules governing the activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems that effectively preserves shared values and harnesses the benefits of artificial intelligence for the promotion of these values in a manner conducive to responsible innovation;

9.深信有必要作为优先事项，建立一个全球适用的法律框架，规定共同的一般原则和规则，规范人工智能系统生命周期内的活动，有效维护共同价值观，并以有利于负责任创新的方式利用人工智能的益处，促进这些价值观；

Recognising the need to promote digital literacy, knowledge about, and trust in the design, development, use and decommissioning of artificial intelligence systems;

10.认识到有必要在人工智能系统的设计、开发、使用和退出方面促进数字素养、知识普及和信任；

Recognising the framework character of this Convention, which may be supplemented by further instruments to address specific issues relating to the activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems;

11.认识到《公约》的框架性质，可由进一步的文件加以补充，以解决与人工智能系统生命周期内的活动有关的具体问题；

Underlining that this Convention is intended to address specific challenges which arise throughout the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems and encourage the consideration of the wider risks and impacts related to these technologies including, but not limited to, human health and the environment, and socio-economic aspects, such as employment and labour;

12.强调本公约旨在应对人工智能系统整个生命周期中出现的具体挑战，并鼓励考虑与这些技术有关的更广泛风险和影响，包括但不限于人类健康和环境，以及包括就业和劳动在内的社会经济的方面；

Noting relevant efforts to advance international understanding and co-operation on artificial intelligence by other international and supranational organisations and fora;

13.注意到其他国际和超国家组织和论坛为促进国际社会对人工智能的了解和合作所做的相关努力；

Mindful of applicable international human rights instruments, such as the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1950 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ETS No. 5), the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the 1961 European Social Charter (ETS No. 35), as well as their respective protocols, and the 1996 European Social Charter (Revised) (ETS No. 163);

14.意识到适用的国际人权文件，如1948年《世界人权宣言》、1950年《欧洲理事会保护人权与基本自由公约》、1966年联合国《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》、1966年联合国《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》、1961年《欧洲社会宪章》及其相应的议定书，以及1996年修订的《欧洲宪章》，

Mindful also of the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the 2006 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;

15.还意识到1989年联合国《儿童权利公约》和2006年联合国《残疾人权利公约》；

Mindful also of the privacy rights of individuals and the protection of personal data, as applicable and conferred, for example, by the 1981 Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (ETS No. 108) and its protocols;

16.还意识到1981年欧洲理事会《关于在个人数据的自动处理方面保护个人的公约》及其议定书所适用和赋予的个体隐私权和个人数据的保护；

Affirming the commitment of the Parties to protecting human rights, democracy and the rule of law, and fostering trustworthiness of artificial intelligence systems through this Convention, Have agreed as follows:

17.申明缔约方承诺保护人权、民主和法治，并通过本公约提高人工智能系统的可信赖度；
兹协定如下：

Chapter I - General provisions

第一章：总则

Article 1 - Object and purpose

第1条 - 目标和宗旨

1 The provisions of this Convention aim to ensure that activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems are fully consistent with human rights, democracy and the rule of law.

1.本公约的规定旨在确保人工智能系统生命周期内的活动完全符合人权、民主和法治。

2 Each Party shall adopt or maintain appropriate legislative, administrative or other measures to give effect to the provisions set out in this Convention. These measures shall be graduated and differentiated as may be necessary in view of the severity and probability of the occurrence of adverse impacts on human rights, democracy and the rule of law throughout the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems. This may include specific or horizontal measures that apply irrespective of the type of technology used.

2.各缔约方应采取或保持适当的立法、行政或其他措施，以落实本公约的各项规定。鉴于在人工智能系统的整个生命周期内对人权、民主和法治产生不利影响的严重程度和发生的可能性，这些措施应视其需要而分阶段和差异化。这可能包括无论其适用技术类型为何的具体或横向措施。

3 In order to ensure effective implementation of its provisions by the Parties, this Convention establishes a follow-up mechanism and provides for international co-operation.

3.为了确保缔约方有效执行公约的各项条款，本公约建立了一个后续机制，并规定了国际合作。

Article 2 - Definition of artificial intelligence systems

第2条 - 人工智能系统

For the purposes of this Convention, “artificial intelligence system” means a machine-based system that for explicit or implicit objectives, infers, from the input it receives, how to generate outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations or decisions that may influence physical or virtual environments. Different artificial intelligence systems vary in their levels of autonomy and adaptiveness after deployment.

在本公约中，“人工智能系统”是这样一种基于机器的系统，出于明确或隐含的目标，从接收的输入信息中推断出如何生成可能影响物理或虚拟环境的预测、内容、建议或决定等输出结果。不同的人工智能系统在部署后的自主性和适应性程度各不相同。

Article 3 - Scope

第3条 - 范围

1 The scope of this Convention covers the activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems that have the potential to interfere with human rights, democracy and the rule of law as follows:

1.本公约的范围涵盖人工智能系统生命周期内有可能干扰人权、民主和法治的下列活动：

a Each Party shall apply this Convention to the activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems undertaken by public authorities, or private actors acting on their behalf.

a.各缔约方应将本公约适用于公共当局或代表其行事的私人行为者在人工智能系统生命周期内开展的活动。

b Each Party shall address risks and impacts arising from activities within the lifecycle ofartificial intelligence systems by private actors to the extent not covered in subparagraph a in a manner conforming with the object and purpose of this Convention.

b.各缔约方应以符合《公约》目标和宗旨的方式，在第a项未及涵盖的范围内，处置私人行为者在人工智能系统生命周期内的活动所产生的风险和影响。

Each Party shall specify in a declaration submitted to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, how it intends to implement this obligation, either by applying the principles and obligations set forth in Chapters II to VI of this Convention to activities of private actors or by taking other appropriate measures to fulfil the obligation set out in this subparagraph. Parties may, at any time and in the same manner, amend their declarations.

各缔约方应在签署或交存批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书时向欧洲理事会秘书 长提交一份声明，具体说明打算如何履行这一义务，是将《公约》第二章至第六章规定的原则和义务适用于私人行为者的活动，还是采取其他适当措施履行本段 规定的义务。缔约方可以在任何时候以同样的方式修改其声明。

When implementing the obligation under this subparagraph,a Party may not derogate from or limit the application of its international obligations undertaken to protect human rights, democracy and the rule of law.

在履行本款分段规定的义务时，缔约方不得减损或限制其为保护人权、民主和法治而承担的国际义务的适用。

2 A Party shall not be required to apply this Convention to activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems related to the protection of its national security interests, with the understanding that such activities are conducted in a manner consistent with applicable international law, including international human rights law obligations, and with respect for its democratic institutions and processes.

2.不得要求缔约方对人工智能系统生命周期内与保护其国家安全利益有关的活动适用本公约，但有一项谅解，即开展此类活动的方式应符合与民主制度和程序有关的适用国际法，包括国际人权法义务。

3 Without prejudice to Article 13 and Article 25, paragraph 2, this Convention shall not apply to research and development activities regarding artificial intelligence systems not yet made available for use, unless testing or similar activities are undertaken in such away that they have the potential to interfere with human rights, democracy and the rule of law.

3.在不影响第13条和第25条第2款规定的情况下，本公约不适用于尚未投入使用的人工智能系统的研究与开发活动，除非所开展的试验或类似活动有可能干扰人权、民主和法治。

4 Matters relating to national defence do not fall within the scope of this Convention.

4.与国防有关的事项不属于本公约的范围。

Chapter II - General obligations

第二章：一般义务

Article 4 - Protection of human rights

第4条 - 保护人权

Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures to ensure that the activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems are consistent with obligations to protect human rights, as enshrined in applicable international law and in its domestic law.

各缔约方应采取或保持措施，确保人工智能系统生命周期内的活动符合适用的国际法和国内法规定的保护人权的义务。

Article 5 - Integrity of democratic processes and respect for the rule of law

第5条 - 民主进程的整全性和对法治的尊重

1 Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures that seek to ensure that artificial intelligence systems are not used to undermine the integrity, independence and effectiveness of democratic institutions and processes, including the principle of the separation of powers, respect for judicial independence and access to justice.

1.各缔约方应采取或保持旨在确保人工智能系统不被用于破坏民主制度和程序的整全性、独立性和有效性的措施，包括权力分置、尊重司法独立和司法救助。

2 Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures that seek to protect its democratic processes in the context of activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems, including individuals’ fair access to and participation in public debate, as well as their ability to freely form opinions.

2.每个缔约方应采取或保持旨在保护其在人工智能系统生命周期内的场景中的民主进程的措施，包括个体机会公平和参与公开辩论，以及自由形成意见的能力。

Chapter III - Principles related to activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems

第三章：与人工智能系统生命周期内的活动有关的原则

Article 6 - General approach

第6条 - 一般进路

This chapter sets forth general common principles that each Party shall implement in regard to artificial intelligence systems in a manner appropriate to its domestic legal system and the other obligations of this Convention.

本章规定了各缔约方应以适合其国内法律制度的方式在人工智能系统方面实施的一般共同原则和本公约的其他义务。

Article 7 - Human dignity and individual autonomy

第7条 - 人的尊严和个人自主

Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures to respect human dignity and individual autonomy in relation to activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems.

各缔约方应采取或保持与人工智能系统生命周期内的活动有关的措施，以尊重人的尊严和个人自主。

Article 8 - Transparency and oversight

第8条 - 透明度和监督

Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures to ensure that adequate transparency and oversight requirements tailored to the specific contexts and risks are in place in respect of activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems, including with regard to the identification of content generated by artificial intelligence systems.

各缔约方应采取或保持措施，确保针对人工智能系统生命周期内的活动，包括人工智能系统生成内容的识别，制定适合具体情况和风险的充分的透明和监督要求。

Article 9 - Accountability and responsibility

第9条 – 可问责性和责任承担

Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures to ensure accountability and responsibility for adverse impacts on human rights, democracy and the rule of law resulting from activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems.

各缔约方应采取或保持措施，确保人工智能系统生命周期内的活动对人权、民主和法治造成的不利影响具备可问责性和承担责任。

Article 10 - Equality and non-discrimination

第10条 - 平等和不歧视

1 Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures with a view to ensuring that activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems respect equality, including gender equality, and the prohibition of discrimination, as provided under applicable international and domestic law.

1.各缔约方应采取或保持各种措施，以确保与人工智能系统生命周期有关的活动尊重平等，包括性别平等，并按照适用的国际法和国内法的规定禁止歧视。

2 Each Party undertakes to adopt or maintain measures aimed at overcoming inequalities to achieve fair, just and equitable outcomes, in line with its applicable domestic and international human rights obligations, in relation to activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems.

2.各缔约方承诺根据其适用的国内和国际人权义务，采取或保持旨在克服不平等的措施，以实现与人工智能系统生命周期内的活动有关的公平、公正和平等的结果。

Article 11 - Privacy and personal data protection

第11条 - 隐私和个人数据保护

Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures to ensure that, with regard to activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems:

各缔约方应采取或保持措施，以确保在人工智能系统生命周期内的活动方面：

a privacy rights of individuals and their personal data are protected, including through applicable domestic and international laws, standards and frameworks; and

a. 通过适用的国内和国际法律、标准和框架等，保护个人隐私权和个人数据；

b effective guarantees and safeguards have been put in place for individuals, in accordance with applicable domestic and international legal obligations.

b. 根据适用的国内和国际法律义务，为个人提供有效的保证和保障。

Article 12 - Reliability

第12条 - 可靠性

Each Party shall take, as appropriate, measures to promote the reliability of artificial intelligence systems and trust in their outputs, which could include requirements related to adequate quality and security throughout the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems.

各缔约方应酌情采取措施，提高人工智能系统的可靠性及其产出的可信度，其中可包括与人工智能系统整个生命周期的适当质量和安全性有关的要求。

Article 13 - Safe innovation

第13条 - 安全创新

With a view to fostering innovation while avoiding adverse impacts on human rights, democracy and the rule of law, each Party is called upon to enable, as appropriate, the establishment of controlled environments for developing, experimenting and testing artificial intelligence systems under the supervision of its competent authorities.

为了促进创新，同时避免对人权、民主和法治产生不利影响，呼吁各缔约方在其主管当局的监督下，酌情为开发、试验和试验人工智能系统建立受控的环境。

Chapter IV - Remedies

第四章：救济

Article 14 - Remedies

第14条 – 救济

1 Each Party shall, to the extent remedies are required by its international obligations and consistent with its domestic legal system, adopt or maintain measures to ensure the availability of accessible and effective remedies for violations of human rights resulting from the activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems.

1.各缔约方应在其国际义务所要求的救济措施的范围内，并在符合其国内法律制度的情况下，采取或保持各种措施，以确保对人工智能系统生命周期内的活动所造成的侵犯人权行为提供可获得的有效救济。

2 With the aim of supporting paragraph 1 above, each Party shall adopt or maintain measures including:

2.为支撑第1款，各缔约方应采取或保持以下措施：

a measures to ensure that relevant information regarding artificial intelligence systems which have the potential to significantly affect human rights and their relevant usage is documented, provided to bodies authorised to access that information and, where appropriate and applicable, made available or communicated to affected persons;

a. 采取措施，确保有可能对人权产生重大影响的人工智能系统的相关信息及其相关使用情况被记录在案，提供给有权获取该信息的机构，并在适当且适用的情况下，提供或传达给受影响的人；

b measures to ensure that the information referred to in subparagraph a is sufficient for the affected persons to contest the decision(s) made or substantially informed by the use of the system, and, where relevant and appropriate, the use of the system itself; and

b. 确保第a项中提到的信息足以使得受影响的人对因使用该系统而作出的决定，或对实质上因使用该系统而获取其信息的决定提出异议，以及在相关和适当的情况下，对该系统的使用；

c an effective possibility for persons concerned to lodge a complaint to competent authorities.

c. 有关人员向主管当局提出申诉的有效可能性。

Article 15 - Procedural safeguards

第15条 - 程序保障

1 Each Party shall ensure that, where an artificial intelligence system significantly impacts upon the enjoyment of human rights, effective procedural guarantees, safeguards and rights, in accordance with the applicable international and domestic law, are available to persons affected thereby.

1.各缔约方应确保，在人工智能系统对人权的享有产生重大影响时，受影响者可根据适用的国际法和国内法获得有效的程序性保证、保障和权利。

2 Each Party shall seek to ensure that, as appropriate for the context, persons interacting with artificial intelligence systems are notified that they are interacting with such systems rather than with a human.

2.各缔约方应努力确保，在适当情况下，与人工智能系统进行交互的人知晓其是在与人工智能系统，而不是人进行交互。

 

Chapter V - Assessment and mitigation of risks and adverse impacts

第五章：风险和不利影响的评估与缓解

Article 16 - Risk and impact management framework

第16条 - 风险和影响管理框架

1 Each Party shall, taking into account the principles set forth in Chapter III, adopt or maintain measures for the identification, assessment, prevention and mitigation of risks posed by artificial intelligence systems by considering actual and potential impacts to human rights, democracy and the rule of law.

1.各缔约方应在考虑到第三章所述原则的情况下，采取或保持各种措施，通过考虑对人权、民主和法治的实际和潜在影响，识别、评估、预防和减轻人工智能系统带来的风险。

2 Such measures shall be graduated and differentiated, as appropriate, and:

2.这些措施应酌情而分阶段并差异化，并应

a take due account of the context and intended use of artificial intelligence systems, in

a. 充分考虑人工智能系统的场景和预期用途，特别是人权、民主和法治方面的风险；

particular as concerns risks to human rights, democracy, and the rule of law; b take due account of the severity and probability of potential impacts;

b. 充分考虑潜在影响的严重性和概率；

c consider, where appropriate, the perspectives of relevant stakeholders, in particular persons whose rights may be impacted;

c. 酌情考虑相关的利益相关方的观点，特别是其权利可能受到影响的人的观点；

d apply iteratively throughout the activities within the lifecycle of the artificial intelligence system;

d. 在人工智能系统生命周期内的所有活动中迭代地应用；

e include monitoring for risks and adverse impacts to human rights, democracy, and the rule of law;

e. 包括监测对人权、民主和法治的风险和不利影响；

f include documentation of risks, actual and potential impacts, and the risk management approach; and

f. 包括有关风险、实际和潜在影响以及风险管理方法的文件；

g require, where appropriate, testing of artificial intelligence systems before making them available for first use and when they are significantly modified;

g. 在适当情况下，要求在人工智能系统首次投入使用之前以及在对其进行重大修改时对其进行试验；

3 Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures that seek to ensure that adverse impacts of artificial intelligence systems to human rights, democracy, and the rule of law are adequately addressed. Such adverse impacts and measures to address them should be documented and inform the relevant risk management measures described in paragraph 2.

3.各缔约方应采取或保持旨在确保充分处理人工智能系统对人权、民主和法治的不利影响的措施。此类不利影响和应对措施应记录在案，并为第2款所述的相关风险管理措施提供依据。

4 Each Party shall assess the need for a moratorium or ban or other appropriate measures in respect of certain uses of artificial intelligence systems where it considers such uses incompatible with the respect for human rights, the functioning of democracy or the rule of law.

4.各缔约方在认为人工智能系统的特定用途与尊重人权、民主的运作或法治不相容时，应评估是否有必要暂停或禁止此类用途或采取其他适当措施。

Chapter VI - Implementation of the Convention

第六章：公约的实施

Article 17 - Non-discrimination

第17条 - 不歧视

The implementation of the provisions of this Convention by the Parties shall be secured without discrimination on any ground, in accordance with their international human rights obligations.

各缔约方应根据其国际人权义务，确保本公约各项条款以没有基于任何理由的歧视的方式实施。

Article 18 - Rights of persons with disabilities and of children

第18条 - 残疾人和儿童的权利

Each Party shall, in accordance with its domestic law and applicable international obligations, take due account of any specific needs and vulnerabilities in relation to respect for the rights of persons with disabilities and of children.

各缔约方均应根据其国内法和适用的国际义务，适当考虑与尊重残疾人和儿童权利有关的任何特殊需要和脆弱性。

Article 19 - Public consultation

第19条 - 公众咨询

Each Party shall seek to ensure that important questions raised in relation to artificial intelligence systems are, as appropriate, duly considered through public discussion and multistakeholder consultation in the light of social, economic, legal, ethical , environmental and other relevant implications.

各缔约方应努力确保通过公开讨论和多利益相关方磋商，根据社会、经济、法律、伦理、环境和其他相关影响，酌情适当审议就人工智能系统提出的重要问题。

Article 20 - Digital literacy and skills

第20条 - 数字扫盲和技能

Each Party shall encourage and promote adequate digital literacy and digital skills for all segments of the population, including specific expert skills for those responsible for the identification, assessment, prevention and mitigation of risks posed by artificial intelligence systems.

各缔约方应鼓励和促进各阶层人口掌握充分的数字素养和数字技能，包括负责识别、评估、预防和减轻人工智能系统所带来的风险的人员掌握具体的专业性技能。

Article 21 - Safeguard for existing human rights

第21条 - 对现有人权的保障

Nothing in this Conventionshall be construed as limiting, derogating from or otherwise affecting the human rights or other related legal rights and obligations which may be guaranteed under the relevant laws of a Party or any other relevant international agreement to which it is party.

本公约的任何条款均不得解释为限制、减损或以其他方式影响缔约方的相关法律或其作为缔约方的任何其他相关国际协定所保障的人权或其他相关的法定权利和义务。

Article 22 - Wider protection

第22条 - 更广泛的保护

None of the provisions of this Convention shall be interpreted as limiting or otherwise affecting the possibility for a Party to grant a wider measure of protection than is stipulated in this Convention.

本公约的任何条款均不得解释为限制或以其他方式影响缔约方给予比本公约规定范围更广的保护措施的可能性。

Chapter VII - Follow-up mechanism and co-operation

第七章：后续机制与合作

Article 23 - Conference of the Parties

第23条 - 缔约方大会

1 The Conference of the Parties shall be composed of representatives of the Parties to this Convention.

1.缔约方大会应由公约缔约方的代表组成。

2 The Parties shall consult periodically with a view to:

2.各缔约方应定期磋商，以便

a facilitating the effective application and implementation of this Convention, including the identification of any problems and the effects of any reservation made in pursuance of Article 34, paragraph 1, or any declaration made under this Convention;

a. 促进本公约的有效利用和实施，包括确定根据第3条提出的保留意见或根据 本公约作出的声明所产生的问题和影响；

b considering the possible supplementation to or amendment of this Convention;

b. 审议对《公约》进行补充或修正的可能性；

c considering matters and making specific recommendations concerning the interpretation and application of this Convention;

c. 审议与本公约的解释和实施有关的问题并提出具体建议；

d facilitating the exchange of information on significant legal, policy or technological developments of relevance, including in pursuit of the objectives defined in Article 25, for the implementation of this Convention;

d. 促进交流与实施本公约有关的重要的法律、政策或技术发展方面的信息，包括在实现第25条目标方面的信息；

e facilitating, where necessary, the friendly settlement of disputes related to the application of this Convention; and

e. 必要时，促进友好解决与实施本公约有关的争端；

f facilitating co-operation with relevant stakeholders concerning pertinent aspects of the implementation of this Convention, including through public hearings where appropriate.

f. 促进与相关的利益相关方的合作，包括在必要时就公约实施的相关方面举行公开听证会。

3 The Conference of the Parties shall be convened by the Secretary General of the Council of Europe whenever necessary and, in any case, when a majority of the Parties or the Committee of Ministers requests its convocation.

3.当欧洲理事会秘书长认为有必要时，以及在任何情况下，当大多数缔约方或者部长委员会要求召开缔约方大会时，欧洲理事会秘书长应召集缔约方大会。

4 The Conference of the Parties shall adopt its own rules of procedure by consensus within twelve months of the entry into force of this Convention.

4.缔约方大会应在本公约生效后12个月内以协商一致的方式通过其议事规则。

5 The Parties shall be assisted by the Secretariat of the Council of Europe in carrying out their functions pursuant to this article.

5.缔约方在履行本条规定的职能时，应得到欧洲理事会秘书处的协助。

6 The Conference of the Parties may propose to the Committee of Ministers appropriate ways to engage relevant expertise in support of the effective implementation of this Convention.

6.缔约方大会可向部长委员会提议适当的方式，使得相关专家参与支持公约的有效实施。

7 Any Party which is not a member of the Council of Europe shall contribute to the funding of the activities of the Conference of the Parties. The contribution of a non-member of the Council of Europe shall be established jointly by the Committee of Ministers and that non-member.

7.任何并非欧洲理事会成员的缔约方均应为缔约方大会的活动提供资金。并非欧洲理事会成员缔约方的缴款应由部长委员会和该非欧洲理事会成员共同确定。

8 The Conference of the Parties may decide to restrict the participation in its work of a Party that has ceased to be a member of the Council of Europe under Article 8 of the Statute of the Council of Europe (ETS No. 1) for a serious violation of Article 3 of the Statute. Similarly, measures can be taken in respect of any Party that is not a member State of the Council of Europe by a decision of the Committee of Ministers to cease its relations with that State on grounds similar to those mentioned in Article 3 of the Statute.

8.缔约方大会可决定限制严重违反《欧洲理事会章程》第3条规定，从而根据《欧洲理事会章程》第8条不再是欧洲理事会成员的缔约方参与其工作。同样，部长委员会也可根据与《欧洲理事会章程》第3条所述类似的理由，决定停止与非欧洲理事会成员国的关系，从而对该成员国采取措施。

Article 24 - Reporting obligation

第24条 - 报告义务

1 Each Party shall provide a report to the Conference of the Parties within the first two years after becoming a Party, and then periodically thereafter with details of the activities undertaken to give effect to Article 3, paragraph 1, sub-paragraphs a and b.

1.各缔约方应在成为缔约方后的前两年内向缔约方大会提交报告，并在此后定期提交报告，详细说明为落实第3条第1款第a项和第b项而开展的活动。

2 The Conference of the Parties shall determine the format and the process for the report in accordance with its rules of procedure.

2.缔约方大会应根据其议事规则确定报告的格式和程序。

Article 25 - International co-operation

第25条 - 国际合作

1 The Parties shall co-operate in the realisation of the purpose of this Convention. Parties are further encouraged, as appropriate, to assist States that are not Parties to this Convention in acting consistently with the terms of this Convention and becoming a Party to it.

1.各缔约方应合作实现本公约的宗旨。进一步鼓励各缔约方酌情协助非公约缔约方的国家按照本公约的规定行事，并成为本公约的缔约方。

2 The Parties shall, as appropriate, exchange relevant and useful information between themselves concerning aspects related to artificial intelligence which may have significant positive or negative effects on the enjoyment of human rights, the functioning of democracy and the observance of the rule of law, including risks and effects that have arisen in research contexts and in relation to the private sector. Parties are encouraged to involve, as appropriate, relevant stakeholders and States that are not Parties to this Convention in such exchanges of information.

2.各缔约方应酌情就可能对人权享有、民主运作和对法治的信守产生重大积极或消极影响的人工智能的相关方面，包括在研究方面的风险和影响，以及与私营部门有关的风险和影响，相互交流相关的有用信息。鼓励缔约方酌情使得相关的利益相关方和非公约缔约方国家参与此类信息交流。

3 The Parties are encouraged to strengthen co-operation, including with relevant stakeholders where appropriate, to prevent and mitigate risks and adverse impacts on human rights, democracy and the rule of law in the context of activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems.

3.鼓励各缔约方加强合作，包括酌情与相关的利益相关方合作，以防止和减轻人工智能系统生命周期内的活动对人权、民主和法治的风险和不利影响。

Article 26 - Effective oversight mechanisms

第26条 - 有效的监督机制

1 Each Party shall establish or designate one or more effective mechanisms to oversee compliance with the obligations in this Convention.

1.各缔约方应建立或指定一个或多个有效机制，以监督公约义务的履行情况。

2 Each Party shall ensure that such mechanisms exercise their duties independently and impartially and that they have the necessary powers, expertise and resources to effectively fulfil their tasks of overseeing compliance with the obligations in this Convention, as given effect by the Parties.

2.各缔约方应确保此类机制独立、公正地履行职责，并确保其拥有必要的权力、专业知识和资源，以有效履行其监督缔约方履行公约义务情况的任务。

3 In case a Party has provided for more than one such mechanism, it shall take measures, where practicable, to facilitate effective cooperation among them.

3.如果缔约方规定了一个以上的此类机制，则应在可行的情况下采取措施，促进各机制之间的有效合作。

4 In case a Party has provided for mechanisms different from existing human rights structures, it shall take measures, where practicable, to promote effective cooperation between the mechanisms referred to in paragraph 1 and those existing domestic human rights structures.

4.如果缔约方规定了不同于现有人权机构的机制，则应在可行的情况下采取措施，促进第1款所述机制与现有国内人权机构之间的有效合作。

Chapter VIII - Final clauses

第八章：终则

Article 27 - Effects of the Convention

第27条 - 公约的影响

1 If two or more Parties have already concluded an agreement or treaty on the matters dealt with in this Convention, or have otherwise established relations on such matters, they shall also be entitled to apply that agreement or treaty or to regulate those relations accordingly, so long as they do so in a manner which is not inconsistent with the object and purpose of this Convention.

1.如果两个或两个以上的缔约方已就本公约所涉及的问题缔结了协定或条约，或以其他方式确定了其间在这些问题上的关系，只要其如此行事不违背本公约的目标和宗旨，其同有权适用该协定或条约，或相应调整其间的关系。

2 Parties which are members of the European Union shall, in their mutual relations, apply European Union rules governing the matters within the scope of this Convention without prejudice to the object and purpose of this Convention and without prejudice to its full application with other Parties. The same applies to other Parties to the extent that they are bound by such rules.

2.属于欧洲联盟成员的缔约方应在其相互关系中适用欧洲联盟关于本公约范围内事项的规则，但不得妨碍本公约的目标和宗旨，也不得妨碍本公约对其他缔约方的充分适用。这同样适用于受此类规则约束的其他缔约方。

Article 28 - Amendments

第28条 - 修正

1 Amendments to this Convention may be proposed by any Party, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe or the Conference of the Parties.

1.对本公约的修正可由任何缔约方、欧洲理事会部长委员会或缔约方大会提出。

2 Any proposal for amendment shall be communicated by the Secretary General of the Council of Europe to the Parties.

2.任何拟议修正案均应由欧洲理事会秘书长通报各缔约方。

3 Any amendment proposed by a Party, or the Committee of Ministers, shall be communicated to the Conference of the Parties, which shall submit to the Committee of Ministers its opinion on the proposed amendment.

3.此外，缔约方或部长委员会拟议的任何修正案均应通报缔约方大会，缔约方大会应向部长委员会提交其对拟议修正案的意见。

4 The Committee of Ministers shall consider the proposed amendment and the opinion submitted by the Conference of the Parties and may approve the amendment.

4.部长委员会应审议拟议修正案和缔约方大会提交的任何意见，并可批准修正案。

5 The text of any amendment approved by the Committee of Ministers in accordance with paragraph 4 shall be forwarded to the Parties for acceptance.

5.部长委员会根据第4款批准的任何修正案文应提交缔约方接受。

6 Any amendment approved in accordance with paragraph 4 shall come into force on the thirtieth day after all Parties have informed the Secretary General of their acceptance thereof.

6.根据第4款批准的任何修正案应在所有缔约方通知秘书长接受修正案后的第30天生效。

Article 29 - Dispute settlement

第29条 – 争议解决

In the event of a dispute between Parties as to the interpretation or application of this Convention, these Parties shall seek a settlement of the dispute through negotiation or any other peaceful means of their choice, including through the Conference of the Parties, as provided for in Article 23, paragraph 2, sub-paragraph e.

如果缔约方之间在本公约的解释或实施方面发生争议，应根据第23条第2款第e项规定，通过谈判或自行选择的其它和平方式，包括通过缔约方大会，寻求解决争议。

Article 30 - Signature and entry into force

第30条 - 签署和生效

1 This Convention shall be open for signature by the member States of the Council of Europe, the non-member States which have participated in its drafting and the European Union.

1.本公约应开放供欧洲理事会成员国、参与制定本公约的非理事会成员国和欧洲联盟签署。

2 This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.

2.本公约须经批准、接受或核准。批准书、接受书或核准书应交存欧洲理事会秘书长。

3 This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date on which five signatories, including at least three member States of the Council of Europe, have expressed their consent to be bound by this Convention in accordance with paragraph 2.

3.本公约应在五个缔约方，其中至少包括三个欧洲理事会成员国，根据第2款的规定表示同意接受本公约约束之日起的三个月期满后的下一个月的第一日起生效。

4 In respect of any signatory which subsequently expresses its consent to be bound by it, this Conventionshall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval.

4.对于随后表示同意接受公约约束的任何缔约方，公约应在其交存批准书、接受书或核准书之日起的三个月期满后的下一个月的第一日起生效。

Article 31 - Accession

第31条 - 加入

1 After the entry into force of this Convention, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe may, after consulting the Parties to this Convention and obtaining their unanimous consent, invite any non-member State of the Council of Europe which has not participated in the elaboration of this Convention to accede to this Convention by a decision taken by the majority provided for in Article 20.d of the Statute of the Council of Europe, and by unanimous vote of the representatives of the Parties entitled to sit on the Committee of Ministers.

1.在本公约生效之后，欧洲理事会部长理事会可在与本公约缔约方磋商，并征得其一致同意之后，根据《欧洲理事会章程》第20条第d项规定的多数，并经有权参加部长理事会的缔约方代表一致投票同意而做出决定，邀请任何未参加本公约制定工作的非理事会成员国加入本公约。

2 In respect of any acceding State, this Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of deposit of the instrument of accession with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.

2.对任何加入国而言，公约应在向欧洲理事会秘书长交存加入书之日起的三个月期满后的下一个月的第一日起生效。

Article 32 - Territorial application

第32条 - 地域适用

1 Any State or the European Union may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, specify the territory or territories to which this Convention shall apply.

1.任何国家或欧洲联盟均可在签署本公约时，或在交存批准书、接受书、赞同书或加入书时，指明本公约所适用的一个或多个地域范围。

2 Any Party may, at a later date, by a declaration addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, extend the application of this Convention to any other territory specified in the declaration. In respect of such territory, this Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of receipt of the declaration by the Secretary General.

2.任何缔约方均可在日后通过向欧洲理事会秘书长提交一份声明，将本公约的适用范围扩大到声明中指明的任何其他地域范围。对于这些地域范围，本公约应在秘书长收到声明之日起的三个月期满后的下一个月的第一日生效。

3 Any declaration made under the two preceding paragraphs may, in respect of any territory specified in said declaration, be withdrawn by a notification addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. The withdrawal shall become effective on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of receipt of such notification by the Secretary General.

3.根据上述两款做出的任何声明，可通过向欧洲理事会秘书长发出通知，撤回对声明中所指地域范围的声明。撤回应在秘书长收到该通知之日起的三个月期满后的下一个月的第一日起生效。

Article 33 - Federal clause

第33条 - 联邦制条款

1 A federal State may reserve the right to assume obligations under this Convention consistent with its fundamental principles governing the relationship between its central government and constituent states or other similar territorial entities, provided that this Convention shall apply to the central government of the federal State.

1.联邦制国家可保留根据其关于中央政府与组成各州或其他类似的领土实体之间关系的基本原则，而承担本公约规定义务的权利，但本公约应适用于该联邦制国家的中央政府。

2 With regard to the provisions of this Convention, the application of, which come under the jurisdiction of constituent states or other similar territorial entities that are not obliged by the constitutional system of the federation to take legislative measures, the federal government shall inform the competent authorities of such states of the said provisions with its favourable opinion, and encourage them to take appropriate action to give them effect.

2.对于本公约中属于联邦组成各州或其他类似领土实体管辖范围的条款的实施，如果联邦宪法制度没有规定这些实体有义务采取立法措施，联邦政府应将其同意意见告知这些州的主管当局，鼓励其采取适当行动，使这些条款生效。

Article 34 - Reservations

第34条 - 保留

1 By a written notification addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, any State may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, declare that it avails itself of the reservation provided for in Article 33, paragraph 1.

1.任何国家在签署或交存批准书、接受书、赞同书或加入书时，均可书面通知欧洲理事会秘书长，声明其应用第33条第1款规定的保留。

2 No other reservation may be made in respect of this Convention.

2.不得对本公约提出任何其他保留意见。

Article 35 - Denunciation

第35条 -退出

1 Any Party may, at anytime, denounce this Convention by means of a notification addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.

1.任何缔约方均可随时向欧洲理事会秘书长发出通知，宣布退出本公约。

2 Such denunciation shall become effective on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary General.

2.退约应自秘书长收到通知之日起的三个月期满后的下一个月的第一日起生效。

Article 36 - Notification

第36条 - 通知

The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall notify the member States of the Council of Europe, the non-member States which have participated in the drafting of this Convention, the European Union, any signatory, any contracting State, any Party and any other State which has been invited to accede to this Convention, of:

欧洲理事会秘书长应将以下事项通知欧洲理事会成员国、参与制定本公约的非理事会成员国、欧洲联盟、任何缔约方、任何缔约方和应邀加入本公约的任何其他国家：

a any signature;

a. 任何的签署；

b the deposit of any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession;

b. 交存的任何批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书；

c any date of entry into force of this Convention, in accordance with Article 30, paragraphs 3 and 4, and Article 31, paragraph 2;

c. 本公约根据第30条第3第4款以及第31条第2款生效的任何日期；

d any amendment adopted in accordance with Article 28 and the date on which such an amendment enters into force;

d. 根据第28条通过的任何修正案以及该修正案的生效日期；

e any declaration made in pursuance of Article 3, paragraph 1, sub-paragraph b;

e. 根据第3条第1款b项所做的任何声明

f any reservation and withdrawal of a reservation made in pursuance of Article 34;

f. 根据第34条提出的保留意见和撤回保留意见；

g any denunciation made in pursuance of Article 35;

g. 根据第35条提出的退约；

h any other act, declaration, notification or communication relating to this Convention.

h. 与本公约有关的任何其他法案、声明、通知或函件。

In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto, have signed this Convention.

本公约由以下签署人正式受权签署，以昭信守。

Done in [place], this … day of [month] 202[4], in English and in French, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Council of Europe. The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall transmit certified copies to each member State of the Council of Europe, to the non-member States which have participated in the drafting of this Convention, to the European Union and to any State invited to accede to this Convention.

2024年[月]日订于[地点]，用英文和法文草成，两种文本具有同等效力，一式一份，存入欧洲理事会档案。欧洲理事会秘书长应将核验无误的副本分送欧洲理事会各成员国、参与拟订本公约[享有欧洲理事会观察员地位]的非理事会成员国、欧洲联盟和应邀[签署或]加入本公约的任何国家。